In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

Earth System Sciences is an inherently interdisciplinary field that investigates the integrated dynamics of the planet’s major spheres—the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere—and their ...

Recent progress in machine learning (ML) inspires the idea of improving (or learning) earth system models directly from the observations. Earth sciences already use data assimilation (DA), which ...

Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory contributed to several chapters of the Fifth National Climate Assessment, providing expertise in complex ecosystem processes, energy systems, human dynamics ...

The Earth is a complex system, and understanding the processes happening between the crust and the stratosphere is an interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary enterprise. This ...

You would have a hard time finding these common Earth rocks on our neighboring planets. Here’s what makes our landscapes so unique. Limestone landscapes, like this one in the Stone Forest in China’s ...

In 2009, scientists developed a concept called the planetary boundaries framework, which refers to nine Earth system processes that are essential to the planet's stability and resilience, and if they ...

A new initiative at KIT is developing a modular AI world model that integrates climate, weather, and environmental processes, providing deeper insights into nonlinear Earth system interactions and ...