Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the age of 18 months and around age 2 or 3 years. According to ...

Piaget’s stages of development describe how children learn as they grow up. There are four distinct stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Jean Piaget was ...

Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory (1950, 1968) was a response to Freud's reductionistic views of the human personality. For Erikson, all people have an essence, including the sexuality ...