Spectroscopists are often required to identify an unknown compound from a measured spectrum, verifying sample integrity, and defining detected impurities in a sample. Performing a spectral search can ...

The copper target was operated at voltages of 11 kV, 12 kV, 13 kV, and 14 kV for the electron source, and a 50 kV configuration using a molybdenum target was used as a representative example for the ...

There are obvious differences between cancerous cells and normal cells in morphology, chemical properties and mechanical properties. The detection of cytochemical and mechanical properties of tumor ...

Discover why surface chemistry matters and how XPS imaging modes enable deeper insight into materials performance.