Polymers are also called macromolecules, being very large organic molecules composed of an extremely high number of repeating smaller units called monomers. Their applications are widespread, and ...

Researchers have developed a hydrogel composed of poly(N-acryloylglycinamide) (PNAGAm) grafted with arginine (R)–glycine (G)–aspartic acid (D)–serine (S) peptide whose elastic modulus can be changed ...

Many polymers also have special surface treatments or are applied in form of surface coatings and paints. Instrumented indentation has successfully been applied for various types of measurements in ...